cocos plate and north american plate boundary type

Looking first at Washington, one sees Mt. The Cocos Plate is subducting beneath the Caribbean Plate, while the Caribbean Plate is subducting below both the Panama Plate and the North Andean Plate. The Caribbean Plate is a mostly oceanic tectonic plate underlying Central America and the Caribbean Sea off the northern coast of South America . Kenai Fjords National Park On Dec. 15, 1989 a jet with 244 passengers and crew was en route from Amsterdam to Anchorage. and Alberta are also a result of continent-continent collisions. National Park Service sites are shown in red. There are also numerous small plates (e.g., Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Nazca, Scotia, Philippine, Caribbean), and many very small plates or sub-plates. In her version of the Oreo cookie demonstration, the creamy filling is the layers of sediment and basalt on the ocean floor. Mazama, Aniakchak spewed lava across its caldera floor for centuries after its collapse. The Coast Range and Cascades are the two parallel mountain ranges that form the Cascadia Subduction Zone in the Pacific Northwest. The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the Middle America Trench. The part of California west of the San Andreas Fault and all of Baja California are on the Pacific Plate. See Appendix 3 for Exercise 10.4 answers. When the plates suddenly let go, a massive earthquake will shake the entire Pacific Northwest, a series of tsunami waves will pound the Coast, and landslides will make it difficult to reach some of those in need. The rocks on top of the plate are metamorphosed due to the great temperatures and pressures at those depths. The Cocos Plate was created approximately 23 million years ago when the Farallon Plate broke into two pieces, which also created the Nazca Plate. Kenai Fjords National Park The mountain is mainly andesite lava flows and volcanic mudflows covered by numerous glaciers. In doing so the magma is enriched in silica, because high-silica minerals commonly are the first ones to melt. The vent was the source for most of the ash and pyroclastic flows expelled during the 1912 eruptions, and has since filled with a lava dome known as Novarupta. Visitors to Olympic National Park, Oregon Caves National Monument, or Redwood National and State Parks can look down and imagine the top of the Juan de Fuca Plate about 10 miles (16 kilometers) beneath their feet. Now suppose the subduction processes that form the volcanoes were to stop, shutting off the magma supply that feeds the volcanoes. As a result of this collision, the oceanic Cocos plate is subducted below the Caribbean along the Mesoamerican trench plate at speeds ranging from 2 in. Two parallel mountain ranges commonly develop above such a subduction zone a coastal range consisting of sedimentary strata and hard rock lifted out of the sea (accretionary wedge), and a volcanic range farther inland (volcanic arc). The three West Coast states are especially meaningful because they have geologic features that, when the quarters are stacked, represent the surface and subsurface of the chain of volcanoes that has been developing over the past 200 million years. Layers of sand and mud, deposited on the ocean floor and later turned into the sedimentary rocks sandstone and shale, are seen above the pillows. The eruption of Aniakchak Volcano about 3,500 years ago rivals the eruption and collapse of Mt. Off the Pacific coast, the Cocos plate is subducted beneath both the North American and Caribbean plates, which are separated by a sinistral transcurrent boundary. Crater Lake. The subducted lithosphere descends into the hot mantle at a relatively shallow angle close to the subduction zone, but at steeper angles farther down (up to about 45). Near their boundary, the plates can lock together for centuries, then suddenly let go as a giant earthquake. Redoubt Volcano This plate is rotating in a clockwise direction towards the Pacific plate. Dont worry if you cant name them all. USGS photo. The Cascades are the modern volcanic arc developing where the Juan de Fuca Plate subducts beneath the North American Plate. o The boundary is found far from the North American Plate in the Pacific Ocean The boundary appears to be situated on a mid-ocean ridge ( ) The boundary is found close to the North American Plate. There is tremendous deformation of the pre-existing continental rocks, and creation of mountains from that rock, from any sediments that had accumulated along the shores (i.e., within geosynclines) of both continental masses, and commonly also from some ocean crust and upper mantle material. Dramatic examples of these layers in tilted and contorted forms can be found in Olympic National Park and elsewhere along the coast and in the mountains. The fact that the plates include both crustal material and lithospheric mantle material makes it possible for a single plate to be made up of both oceanic and continental crust. The North American plate is moving to the west-southwest at about 2.3 cm (~1 inch) per year driven by the spreading center that created the Atlantic Ocean, the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Where is a divergent plate boundary located? Before we talk about processes at plate boundaries, its important to point out that there are never gaps between plates. The Cascadia Subduction Zone and Southern Alaska are the sites of ongoing subduction as the Pacific and Juan de Fuca plates slide beneath the North American Plate. rare Examine the interactive globe. Plate tectonics is the theory that the crust of the earth is broken up into giant slabs of rocks that sort of fit together like puzzle pieces. The original composite volcano was about 7,000 feet (2,000 meters) high, but lost about 2,500 feet (750 meters) of its height. Yosemite Valley and Half Dome. There will also be continued northerly movement of Australia and Indonesia. This plate includes all of Saudi Arabia, and much of the Levant (up to Iraq and Syria). But unlike Mt. This plate includes all of Africa and the surrounding ocean, including the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the surrounding Antarctic Ocean, and the western Indian ocean. Plates are thought to move along the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, as the asthenosphere is the zone of partial melting. Increased temperature and pressure at that depth cause the rocks to metamorphose and dehydrate (sweat). By the end of 1967 the Earths surface had been mapped into a series of plates (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). As they were caught in the vise between the converging Juan de Fuca and North American plates, some of the layers were so contorted that they are now in vertical orientations along the coast. We think that the Explorer Plate is also moving east, but we dont know the rate, and there is evidence that it is slower than the JDF Plate. Roughly 3.2 million square kilometers (1.2 million square miles) in area, the Caribbean. The eastern margins of North and South America and the western margins of Europe and Africa are called passive margins because there is no subduction taking place along them. This plate is small. Ranger Jens Oreo Demo This plate includes the islands that make up the Philipines and north to include parts of southern Japan. Massive areas of granite from the cooled magma chambers that fed the volcanoes form portions of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, including Yosemite National Park. This page titled 10.4: Plate, Plate Motions, and Plate Boundary Processes is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Steven Earle (BCCampus) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. With continued uplift and erosion, most of the volcanic material would erode. This is the zone where the two plates have been locked together since the last great earthquake occurred in the year 1700. We know that the JDF Plate is moving toward the North American Plate at around 4 centimeters per year to 5 centimeters per year. The other piece became the Nazca plate.The Cocos plate also broke into two pieces, creating the small Rivera plate. Mount Rainier National Park showcases a 14,411-foot (4,393-meter) composite volcano. Transform faults are not limited to oceanic crust and spreading centers; many of them are on continental margins. Would you characterize earthquake activity as. Their high-silica magmas produce not only andesite and rhyolite lava flows, but also lots of other volcanic materials such as ash and pumice. Rates of motions of the major plates range from less than 1 cm/y to over 10 cm/y. View the full answer. It was preceded by Pannotia (600 to 540 Ma), by Rodinia (1,100 to 750 Ma), and by others before that. Not surprisingly, many of the engravings depict landscapes of national parks. The best example is the San Andreas Fault on the Pacific coast of the United States. Most of this water is present within the sheet silicate mineral serpentine which is derived from alteration of pyroxene and olivine near the spreading ridge shortly after the rocks formation. Once this happens, the continents will no longer continue to move apart because the spreading at the mid-Atlantic ridge will be taken up by subduction. St. Helens. Where tectonic plates converge, the one with dense, thin oceanic crust subducts beneath the one with thick, more buoyant continental crust. And very large parks in the Southern Alaska Subduction Zone display magnificent mountains, rock layers and active volcanoes that tell the story ongoing plate convergence along the North Pacific Coast. Modified from Earth: Portrait of a Planet", by S. Marshak, 2001, W. W. Norton & Comp., New York. Final answer. The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the Middle America Trench. An example is the San Andreas Fault, which extends from the southern end of the Juan de Fuca Ridge to the northern end of the East Pacific Rise (ridge) in the Gulf of California (Figures 10.28 and 10.29). When mixed with water from glaciers, snowmelt, and streams, these materials can make very dense, fast-moving volcanic mudflows (known sometimes by the Indonesian term lahar). Subduction zones form where a plate with thinner (less-buoyant) oceanic crust descends beneath a plate with thicker (more-buoyant) continental crust. The North American Plate is one of the slowest, averaging around 1 cm/y in the south up to almost 4 cm/y in the north. Magma from the mantle pushing up to fill the voids left by divergence of the two plates, Magma cooling more slowly in the lower part of the new crust and forming gabbro bodies, Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Plates tect2 en by the. Cocos and Rivera Plates Maximilian Goetz. Katmai National Park . Lake Clark National Park and Preserve contains an active composite volcano with a profile and recent history reminiscent of Mt. Most divergent boundaries are located along mid-ocean oceanic ridges (although some are on land). On the western edge of the plate is a continuous subduction zone where the Cocos, Panama, and North Andean Plates are all converging with the Caribbean Plate. In 1989 and 1990, Mt. About 200 million years ago a large tectonic plate (called the Farallon Plate) started to subduct beneath the western edge of North America. Pangea, which existed from about 350 to 200 Ma, was not the first supercontinent. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. And, as at Mt. CC BY. There is commonly an ocean trench along the boundary. Boundaries between the plates are of three types: divergent (i.e., moving apart), convergent (i.e., moving together), and transform (moving side by side). The Cocos plate is found on the west side of Mexico. Mazama, erupted and collapsed 7,700 years ago, forming the large cavity (caldera) that now holds Crater Lake. Find the plate boundary between the Juan de Fuca Plate (JF) and the North American Plate (NA). Mount Rainier. Rainier, a composite volcano rising to over 14,000 feet above sea level in Mt. Asterisk - Location of the January 12, 2010 earthquake. Spreading rates vary considerably, from 2 cm/y to 6 cm/y in the Atlantic, to between 12 cm/y and 20 cm/y in the Pacific. What type of plate boundary is the Cocos Plate? Often it is the older and colder plate that is denser and subducts beneath the younger and hotter plate. Modified from Parks and Plates: The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores, by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172. National Park Service sites in the Cascades reveal colorful landscapes that result from a varity of volcanic processes. As the Juan de Fuca Plate (lower cookie) subducts beneath the North American Plate (upper cookie), the layers are scraped off the ocean floor and pile up as the Coast Range. The southern boundary is a mid-oceanic ridge, the Galapagos Rise. Forty million years ago, a large tectonic plate, known as the Farallon Plate, was between the Pacific and North American plates. The Philippine Sea plate is tectonically unusual in that almost all the boundaries are convergent. It is released when the oceanic crust is heats and then rises and mixes with the overlying mantle.

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