hasContentIssue false. Greater Democracy 13. 36. Miners' Magazine, vol. 37. As Lonsdale writes: The Federation obtained affidavits from many whose names appeared on the petition stating that they had never seen the petition. Huber, The Progressive Career of Ben B. Lindsey, 33234. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. 572. were against modernization. For instance, in 1914 the Denver Post opposed a plan to make newspapers a public utility. 4. Smith, Daniel A. 2007. Topic Legacy of the Progressive Era Only 94,485 voters (out of the more than 263,000 who voted for President) cast ballots on Measure 13, and just 79,354 voted on Measure 4; in contrast, 192,651 voters cast ballots on Measure 1which received the highest tally of any ballot measurecalling for statewide prohibition. 30. "useRatesEcommerce": false ), The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism, Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data, Does Teacher Testing Raise Teacher Quality? The Developmeny of the American Economy. Schmidt erroneously reports that Colorado also adopted the recall in 1910. Total loading time: 0 Advance in specialization and knowledge led to modern-day professions. Temperance movement that prohibited alcohol manufacturing, sales, and Rimby, S. (2021). See Schmidt, Citizen Lawmakers, 226. We must reinvigorate antitrust laws and create a more competitive economy. & I was not surprising. Although Pearce agreed that many of the signatures were indeed forgeries, he insisted that he was powerless to do anything because the 1910 law gave no remedy for fake signatures on petitions. For the keen interest of voters regarding prohibition measures in other states during the Progressive Era, see Shippee, Lester, Washington's First Experiment in Direct Legislation, Political Science Quarterly 30 (1915), 235253CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Barnett, , The Operation of the Initiative, Referendum, and Recall in Oregon, 1915Google Scholar; Allswang, The Initiative and Referendum in California, 18981998; Beard, and Shultz, , Documents on the State-wide Initiative, Referendum and Recall, 1912Google Scholar. and The Eightieth constitutional amendment prohibited the reinsert, sales, and and Dr. Jill Horohoe Cornell University Press. In effect, the law only covered one-fifth of all underground workers. Established antitrust laws Grand Canyon University The ballot titles did little to clarify the intent of the two measures. For initiative and referendum passage rates in the states, see Magleby, Direct Legislation, 9095. 26 August 2005. A small number of firms now dominate many sectors of the economy. McCuan, David, California's Political Warriors: Campaign Professionals and the Initiative Process, in Bowler, Shaun, Donovan, Todd, and Tolbert, Caroline, eds., Citizens as Legislators (Columbus, Ohio, 1998), 5556Google Scholar. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. In this article we explore the origins and effects of occupational licensing regulation during this period. He was unsuccessful in another bid for Congress in 1904. Several newspapers, along with a coalition of public school teachers, strongly condemned Lindsey's amendment that would have opened public schools to wider popular control. The progressive era intervened to save the future of the American people. In this article we explore the origins and effects of occupational licensing regulation during this period. The Rise of Professionalism In 1902, Shafroth was reelected as a Democrat, but he resigned his seat in 1903 after allegations of fraud were made by his opponent. Colorado Secretary of State, State of Colorado: Roster of Elected Officers and Tabulated Statement of the Votes Cast for the Several Candidates, 1913Google Scholar. See Barnett, The Operation of The Initiative, Referendum, and Recall in Oregon, 7585; Ellis, Democratic Delusions, 3035. For example, McMechen and Griswold both misinterpret the way in which the bill became a compulsory statutory referendum. Differential Application of Utilitarian and Deontological Ethical Theories in Multicultural History of Lowell Assignment. Ammons's administration was blemished, however, by his handling of the September 1913 strike by coal miners around Trinidad and the subsequent Ludlow Massacre in April 1914 carried out by the Colorado state militia after the mine owners convinced Ammons to send in the National Guard to keep the mines in operation. Progressive reformers succeeded in fighting impunity in city governments. The referendum, Measure 8, was approved by the voters, thereby reinstating the legislation. Colorado Secretary of State, State of Colorado: Roster of Elected Officers and Tabulated Statement of the Votes Cast for the Several Candidates, 1913Google Scholar. Prepare your PowerPoint with the following areas of focus: Regulation of Business, Greater Democracy, Conservationism, the Rise of Professionalism, and Prohibition. Leblang, David A. Colorado Senate, Senate Journal, 15258. According to their reading of events, Governor John Shafroth neither signed nor vetoed the bill, which caused the measure to be referred automatically to a vote of the people as per the Constitution. Prohibition was much concerned with the moral fabric of the community. See Colorado Bar Association, Analysis of Thirty-Two Measures, 66. The progressive era introduced a number of professions. The main themes ended during American involvement in World War I (1917-1918) while the waste and efficiency elements continued into the 1920s. for family bread for drinks. 63. (New York, 1955), 261Google Scholar. The Guggenheim family operated the American Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO) in Pueblo as well as several large mines in Colorado. (Tatiana, 2017). The movement that prohibited alcohol manufacturing, sales, and transportation aimed at eradicating poverty, and they argued that alcohol adds poverty to society. 9//5/21, Business Reformers of this era also understood that individuals and corporations who accumulated enormous amounts of wealth gained political power too, and so could become less accountable in the economy, in the political realm, and in the courts of law. social work, and special education Many others who personally benefit from the status quo will fight to halt, slow, or water down reforms. Many reform movements rose in the fight against intimidation, corruption, and greed of few individuals who were in power. The recall enables citizens to collect signatures to force a retention vote of an elected official. Pandya, Sonal The final vote tally was 88,948 votes (75.4 percent) in favor of the constitutional amendment and 29,098 votes (24.6 percent) against the referendum. 15. Gerber, Elisabeth, The Populist Paradox: Interest Group Influence and the Promise of Direct Legislation (Princeton, 1999), 5Google Scholar. Save. "useRatesEcommerce": false During the Progressive Era, advances in knowledge and specialization led to the emergence of modern-day professions. Second, there is no provision in the Colorado constitution that refers bills to the people that are left unsigned by the governor. However there the laws that were passed for the States to control the industries were inefficient. However, the alliance was publicly revealed in the Rocky Mountain News, owned by former U.S. Again, the only way for a voter to know these details would be to look at a supplement, such as the one published by the Colorado Bar. Direct Democracy also was the idea that . No official records on turnout are available for the 1912 election. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Total loading time: 0 1-10). Rise of Professionalism It will depend on what policymakers do and especially what the people organized on the streets and at the ballot box force them to do. The group of farmers known as the Grangers fought for the regulation of the railroad industry. It was regulation that defanged the most dangerous parts of capitalism. Smith, Daniel A. Democratic control would be preserved through legal restrictions regulation of rates, universal service obligations, and non-discrimination rules. Huber, The Progressive Career of Ben B. Lindsey, 34546. 1 page 2021/2022 None. William Malone, a member of the DLL and secretary to Governor Shafroth responded by saying, Corporation influence is being brought to bear to prevent the submission of the public utilities court bill and the headless ballot initiated by the Direct Legislation League. See Corporations Lend Influence to Kill Initiative Bills, Rocky Mountain News, 10 July 1912. In Mira Lloyd Dock Despite opposition by the influential Denver Republican newspaper and many public officials from both major parties, voters reelected Governor Shafroth in 1910 with 54 percent of the vote. and the Progressive Era Conservation Movement (pp. Progressivism Movement based on the idea that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice Progressive Beliefs Move away from laissez faire with government regulating industry Make US government responsive to the people ( voting Limit power of the political bosses. The playbook for taming industrial capitalism already exists. Reformers answer to the concentration of economic power was threefold: break up economic power, rein it in through regulation, and tax it. None of these reforms will be easy. Using resources from the Topic 6 Readings, including your textbook, materials provided by your instructor through class discussion, and materials from the GCU Library Guide for HIS-144 US History Themes, prepare your PowerPoint with the following areas of focus: Regulation of Business, Greater Democracy, Conservationism . HIS-144 Evolution of democracy assignment scoring guide. In passing, Schrag does allude to that very same Southern Pacific Railroad in his list of interests, but his point of reference is not the Progressive Era, but a successful June 1990 railway bond project (Proposition 116), which Southern Pacific supported with $500,000 in contributions. Although it never made it on the ballot, during the circulation phase proponents of the measure claimed it was the upper chamber of the legislature that had become corrupted by corporate influences, and that the only cure was to abolish the Senate. 45. So they passed corporate taxes and income taxes. Ironically, Judge Lindsey, the principal author of the initiative calling for the recall of elected officials, was himself nearly recalled in one of the measure's first applications. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation on the Legacy of the Progressive Era. 58. The PowerPoint should be five to six slides (a minimum of one for each area) and include slide notes of 100-200 words for each. thesis, University of Denver, 1964)Google Scholar. Walter Wellman, Walter Wellman's Indictment of Moyer, Haywood and the Western Federation of Miners, unpublished manuscript, Denver Public Library, Western History and Genealogy, 1910, 10. He . 2014. Academic level Undergrad. Carpenter, Daniel Conservatism is a political ideology that emphasizes the traditionally or historically inherited practices rather than the ideal and abstract things. Griswold's history of the Moffat Road, written sixty-eight years after McMechen's 1927 study, draws heavily from his predecessor's work. From farmers to politicians, the need for change and for direct responsibility for the country's ills became paramount and spread from social service to journalism" (WGBH). and View all Google Scholar citations The Two Utilities Bills, Rocky Mountain News, 17 October 1912. 2009. The greatest victory came when Robert M. La Follette was elected as the Wisconsin governor in 1900. Political democracy helps foster economic democracy as the people work to make the country more egalitarian. Even though its been gathering dust for decades, this Gilded Age and Progressive Era playbook is the essential starting point for reform today. Hutchison, C. (2017). For especially good accounts of the campaigns to adopt initiative and referendum mechanisms in other states, see Goebel, Thomas, A Case of Democratic Contagion: Direct Democracy in the American West, 18901920, Pacific Historical Review (05 1997): 213230Google Scholar; Piott, Steven, The Origins of the Initiative and Referendum in America, Hayes Historical Journal 11 (Spring 1992): 517Google Scholar; and in the case of California, Allswang, The Initiative and Referendum in California, 818. Progressive-Era reformers got organized . Roosevelt did exclaim that the legislators should BE PROGRESSIVE. The Battle Over Ballot Initiatives in America; Lupia, Arthur, Shortcuts versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections, American Political Science Review 88 (1994): 6376CrossRefGoogle Scholar. At the time, the adoption by voters of these two competing measures was interpreted alternatively as both an irrational and a rational decision. Evidence from State Certification Requirements, Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care, Physician Licensure Laws in the United States, 18651915, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, The Mechanical Engineer in America, 18301910: Professional Cultures in Conflict, Occupational Restrictions and the Quality of Service Received: Some Evidence, The Declining Contribution of Socioeconomic Disparities to the Racial Gap in Infant Mortality Rates, Long-Term Trends in Health, Welfare, and Economic Growth in the United States, Health and Welfare During Industrialization, Occupational Licensing Legislation in the States, Journal of the American Medical Association, Changes in the Age Distribution of Mortality Over the 20th Century, The Role of Public Health Improvements in Health Advance: The 20th Century United States, Medical Malpractice in Nineteenth Century America: Origins and Legacy, Comparative Occupation Statistics for the United States, 1870 to 1940, The Welfare Cost of Quality Changes Due to Professional Regulation, Operations of Unfettered Labor Markets: Exit and Voice in American Labor Markets at the Turn of the Century, Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Economic Growth, Population Theory, and Physiology: The Bearing of Long-Term Processes on the Making of Economic Policy, Organized Dentistry and the Pursuit of Entry Control, Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law, Income from Independent Professional Practice, The Effect of Commercial Practice Restrictions: The Case of Optometry, Markets and Multiunit Firms from an American Historical Perspec-tive, Population Redistribution and Economic Growth: United States 18701950, Inventive Activity and the Market for Technology in the United States, 18401920, Quacks, Lemons and Licensing: A Theory of Minimum Quality Standards, The Origins of State Pure Food Regulation, Learning to Heal: The Development of American Medical Education, American Physicians of the Nineteenth Century: From Sects to Science, Legal Responsibility for Medical Malpractice: The Legal Matrix of Medical Malpractice, Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, Report of the Investigation of Engineering Education: Volume I, Inventive Activity in Early Industrial America: Evidence from Patent Records, 17901846, The Social Transformation of American Medicine: The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry, Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, Statistical Abstract of the United States, Senate Document No. Specialization and . Tolbert, Caroline J. Instead of farm problems, reformers looked at issues such as crime, and vice in the cities; provision of sufficient utilities and services for city dwellers, etc. Although Speer's Democrats controlled both chambers of the legislature, the Progressives were a prevalent enough force in both parties to ensure that neither establishment could have a majority. The 1914 initiative, Measure 8, sought to put the public press under the control of the Public Utilities Commission. 46, LAWS 1911, EIGHT HOUR LAW FOR MINERS. Burris's bill was opposed by the public utility corporations. Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation on the Legacy of the Progressive Era. See So the People May Know, Denver Post, 2 November 1914. Dai, Weijia Document type PowerPoint Presentation And the consequence for democracy is dire: study after study in political science shows that government is responsive to the preferences of the wealthy and their interest groups, but not to ordinary people. See Garrett, Elizabeth, Perspective on Direct Democracy: Who Directs Direct Democracy? University of Chicago Law School Roundtable 4 (1997): 1736Google Scholar; Smith, Daniel A., Tax Crusaders and the Politics of Direct Democracy (New York, 1998)Google Scholar; idem, Reevaluating the Causes of Proposition 13, Social Science History 23:2 (Summer 1999): 173210; idem, Campaign Financing of Ballot Initiatives in the American States, in Larry Sabato, Bruce Larson, and Howard Ernst, eds., Dangerous Democracy? The greatest victory came when Robert M. La Follette was elected as the Wisconsin governor in 1900. Penn State University Press. 4 (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Wiebe, Robert, The Search for Order, 18771920 (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Brody, David, ed., The American Labor Movement (New York, 1971)Google Scholar; Hanford, Benjamin, The Labor War in Colorado (New York, 1904)Google Scholar. Perhaps the best example is the passage of a constitutional amendment for the direct election of senators. Business Men in Public War over Utilities Bill, Denver Post, 10 October 1912. 50. democracy was achieved as progressive reformers fought against Tatiana, R. (2017). See also Arthur Lupia, Dumber than Chimps? An example of this is when the state legislature refused popular call for regulation on railroad rates (Pestrillo & Kempema, 2014). While in line with recent studies showing that voter fatigue is more prevalent among legislative referendums than initiatives, the average ballot roll-off on the thirty-two measures in the 1912 election was nevertheless quite striking. 42. Election-goers cast 192,651 votes on the prohibition question (Measure 1), compared to only 89,963 votes cast upon Measure 31, which authorized bonded indebtedness for the construction of state highways. HTML view is not available for this content. Legacy of the Progressive Era Powerpoint.pdf. In his remarkable career as a Denver judge and social reformer, Lindsey was harassed by the Ku Klux Klan, disbarred in Colorado in 1929 (and later reinstated in 1935), and eventually moved to California to practice law. 21. Musselman claims that Roosevelt was equivocal, at best, in his support of the direct legislation measure. Natural resources were being exploited by a few individuals, such as land developers and land speculators. On the actual 1914 ballot, however, only the proposed sections of the law to be repealed were listed. Colorado Bar Association, Analysis of Thirty-Two Measures, 46. As evidence, they submit the popular adoption of numerous progressive reforms during the 1910s, such as the direct primary, women's suffrage, prohibition, the abolition of the poll tax, home rule for cities and towns, eighthour workdays for women and miners, and the regulation of public utility and railroad monopolies. The adoption of the two counterpropositions that so patently conflicted with each other indicates that voters may not have understood the substantive implications of the initiative and popular referendum. For an overview of many of the ballot measures adopted during the Progressive Era, see Schmidt, Citizen Lawmakers, 2526. We live in a second Gilded Age an era of extreme economic inequality and monopoly power. The Battle Over Ballot Initiatives in America (Lanham, Md., 2001); idem, Special Interests and Direct Democracy: An Historical Glance, in M. Dane Waters, ed., The Battle Over Citizen Lawmaking (Durham, N.C., 2001). Yet the bivariate Pearson product moment correlation between the percentage of the county yes vote for both measures is positively related (r = .474) and significant (p < .01, 2-tailed, n = 62), indicating again, as in the case of the competing regulation of public utilities measures, that there may have been considerable voter confusion. Senator Thomas Patterson, a civic reformer. Outside of utilities, regulations prohibited unsafe and unhealthy practices food and drug laws, child labor laws, workplace safety laws. and Spacing SMITH, DANIEL A. Tolbert, Caroline Extraordinary Session (Denver, 1910), 138139Google Scholar. The effort was focused on modernizing the society, and conservationists were against modernization. Direct Democracy was one of the significant issues of the 1912 campaign, and of the Progressive era in general. Smith, Daniel A. In its nonpartisan analysis of the thirty-two ballot measures, the Colorado Bar Association minced no words: The purpose of the proposed law is to give state aid to The Denver, Northwestern, and Pacific Railway Company, in the construction of its line from Denver to Salt Lake City. Colorado Bar Association, Analysis of Thirty-Two Measures, 97. Unfortunately, few accounts exist concerning the electioneering of these and other measures. The Progressive Era was a turning point for the U.S. during the early 1900s, in which the country experienced the federal government regulation of Big Business. Direct Democracy included the idea that voters should choose U.S. For a discussion of the debate over salmon fishing in Oregon, see Bowler and Donovan, Demanding Choices, 11828. Rev., 1017. This basic infrastructure also ensured that economic democracy could flourish; small businesses and individuals thrive when they have access to the preconditions of modern life at fair terms and for a fair price. Direct Democracy During the Progressive Era: A Crack Univeristy of Denver and Univeristy of Colorado at Boulder, American Politics: Core Argument/Current Controversy, Citizen Lawmakers: The Ballot Initiative Revolution, Direct Legislation: Voting on Ballot Propositions in the United States, Paradise Lost: California's Experience, America's Future, The Initiative and Referendum in California, 18981998, The Color Bind: California's Battle to End Affirmative Action, The Populist Paradox: Interest Group Influence and the Promise of Direct Legislation, Documents on the State-wide Initiative, Referendum and Recall, The Operation of the Initiative, Referendum, and Recall in Oregon, Recent Experience with the Initiative and Referendum, Democratic Delusions: The Initiative Process in America, Direct Democracy: The Politics of Initiative, Referendum, and Recall, The Origins of the Initiative and Referendum in America, The Initiative to Party: Partisanship and Ballot Initiatives in California, Senate Journal of the Seventeenth General Assembly of the State of Colorado, State of Colorado: Roster of Elected Officers and Tabulated Statement of the Votes Cast for the Several Candidates, Tuesday, November 8, A.D. 1910, Pioneers and Politicians: 10 Colorado Governors in Profile, Lawmaking by Initiative: Issues, Options, and Comparisons, State of Colorado: Roster of Elected Officers and Tabulated Statement of the Votes Cast for the Several Candidates, Tuesday, November 5, A.D. 1912. Their first act was, The Interstate Commerce Act Publisher:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. When they did, it was usually limited to his involvement with the Denver Tramway or prior holdings in the railroad. Greater Democracy The first category of the great democracy in the progressive era was trying to get around institutions that stood between popular opinion and governing. Save. 23. Date Rating. The Gilded Age Villa Santa Maria 34.7K views36 slides. 54 Colo. 262 (Denver, 1913)Google Scholar. Author:Kevin Mattson Date:Dec. 22, 1998 From:National Civic Review(Vol. The ideology supports the belief that society is not a loose collection of people or individuals but a group of people made up of connected and interdependent members. 12. On appeal, however, the Colorado Supreme Court overturned the decision by Riddle and allowed the popular vote on the measure to stand. Licensing regulations are followed to strengthen professional areas and allow people to engage in a meaningful search for knowledge in areas of specialization. As such, Speer allied himself with his party adversary in the hopes of getting enough votes to be chosen as senator. and The business of benevolence: Industrial paternalism in progressive America. See the sample ballot published in the Denver Post, 2 November 1914. Ludwig von Mises Institute. He had little choice in the matter, for he discovered that the application of federal power to the defense of capitalism was a necessary evil. How voters on election day interpreted the intent of these measures, much less understood what a yes or no vote meant on the aforesaid popular referendum, is impossible to determine. and and Almost 200 years later, Tocquevilles fears seem prescient. This fundamental change to the constitutional structure ended the era of sometimes corrupt state legislatures sending corporate bosses and their cronies to Washington. Citation style APA 7, A comparison of jeffersonian and jacksonian concepts about democracy, Blogger and Marketing Specialist at Writers Per Hour, HIS-144-T6_CivilRightsMovementMatrix_Online.docx, HIS-144-RS-Darwinism and American Society Worksheet.docx, African American/Black History Month Presentation, Unit 8 lesson 3 the conservative movement grows. } A great democracy has got to be progressive or it will soon cease to be either great or a democracy. See Senate, Colorado, Senate Journal of the Seventeenth General Assembly of the State of Colorado. It made more sense to have a single telephone network in America, given the high costs of building the network and the importance of having everyone on it. Some intellectuals and political figures will fight them with claims of efficiency and economic growth. Progressive Era emilycamargo 3.3K views45 slides. Like Shafroth, Ammons switched party allegiances in 1896, joining the Democratic party after serving in the state legislature as a Republican during the early 1890s. In a chapter called How Aristocracy Could Issue from Industry he observed that industrial capitalism would create economic inequality between owners and wage-workers and divide them culturally, morally, and socially. Bowler, Shaun California, Oregon, and several other states had parallel partisan experiences during this period. 18. On average, 38 percent of those who cast votes for President voted on the twenty initiatives on the ballot; 33 percent voted on the six compulsory referendums; and only 30 percent voted on the six popular referendums. 55. 59. Perspective on Direct Democracy: Who Directs Direct Democracy? Legacy of the Progressive Era HOW REGULATION OF BUSINESS, GREATER DEMOCRACY, CONSERVATIONIST, RISE OF PROFESSIONALISM, PROHIBITION INFLUENCED BY THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT AND THE LASTING IMPACT EACH HAD ON AMERICAN SOCIETY Jozlin Zurawski HIST-143 Amy Obszarski August 30 th 2019 As the Colorado Bar observed, There will by this law be concentrated with the said commissioners full control and authority. Colorado Bar Association, Analysis of Thirty-Two Measures, 73. Zimmerman, Joseph, The Initiative: Citizen Law-Making (Westport, Conn., 1999), 9495Google Scholar. Yet the bivariate Pearson product moment correlation between the percentage of the county yes vote for both measures is positively related (r= .600) and significant (p<.01, 2-tailed, n = 62), indicating that there may have been considerable voter confusion about the two initiatives. See Griswold, P. R., David Moffat's Denver, Northwestern and Pacific: The Moffat Road (Denver, 1995)Google Scholar, and McMechen, Edgar, The Moffat Tunnel of Colorado: An Epic of Empire (Denver, 1927)Google Scholar. 26. 28. Slide 4: Conservationism. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Circumventing their partisan state legislatures, defenders of the plebiscitary mechanisms evoke how citizens successfully employed the initiative and popular referendum, as one Progressive Era supporter of the pure democratic process championed, to rouse a great forward movement toward stability, justice, and public spirit in American political institutions.. The Progressive Era. Opponents of direct democracy then tried to convince Secretary of State James Pearce, a Democrat, that the vast majority of the signatures on the various petitions circulating for the 1912 election were forgeries. and those who are exempted. Wilcox, Delos, Government by All the People (New York, 1912), 310Google Scholar. Uncategorized. But even with a revival of these strategies, even with the political movement to back it up, even with courageous leaders at the helm to implement these policies, the roadmap for reforming industrial capitalism will still be insufficient to rescue democracy today. With the rise of industrial capital, Tocqueville feared there would be no genuine relationships between these two emergent classes. 11. 34. 10. See Lomask, Milton, Seed Money: The Guggenheim Story (New York, 1964)Google Scholar. Prohibition was supported by the temperance movement that started in the 1830s In addition to guarding against the accumulation of economic power, Progressive Era reformers sought to prevent it being converted into political power. See Knautz, Harlan, The Colorado Progressive Party of 1912 (M.A. Professionalism improved markets as advances in knowledge and specialization made it difficult for consumers to judge professional services. It was made necessary to create criteria and standards for the qualification of members in various professions. Feature Flags: { Ratings. Grimmer, Justin See Citizens' League Petitions Are Filed with Supervisors, Rocky Mountain News, 13 April 1910; Evans-Speer Gangs Vote Bosses' Will at Primaries, Rocky Mountain News, 22 April 1910; Senator Patterson Asks W. G. Evans for Definite Statement of Moffat Road's Future, Rocky Mountain News, 12 April 1911.
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greater democracy in the progressive era powerpoint