list of naacp presidents

That fall, President John F. Kennedy sent a civil rights bill to Congress before he was assassinated. Some 60 people, seven of whom were African American (including W. E. B. Teasley was elected to his unlikely position at Jackson State, in Jackson, Mississippi, in 2010. Non-Governmental & Nonprofit Organization Baltimore, MD linktr.ee/NAACP Born February 12 Joined June 2009. . A. C. P., ca. As a result, several cities refused to allow the film to open.[38]. The president is elected to a four-year term via an electoral college system. In addition to being the 97th recipient of the NAACP Spingarn Award, Mr. Belafonte served, supported, and was recognized by the NAACP in numerous capacities. Houston was the Howard University law school dean whose strategy on school-segregation cases paved the way for his protg Thurgood Marshall to prevail in 1954's Brown v. Board of Education, the decision that overturned Plessy. Dr. President: Cynthia Kirk-Barrerio 607-444-1183 BTNAACPpres@gmail.com P.O. Product & Project Management Based on 12 salaries Coordinator 3 salaries Program Manager : 3 Waterfowl; some states have also designated a representative waterfowl. Other early members included Joel and Arthur Spingarn, Josephine Ruffin, Mary Talbert, Inez Milholland, Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, Sophonisba Breckinridge, John Haynes Holmes, Mary McLeod Bethune, George Henry White, Charles Edward Russell, John Dewey, William Dean Howells, Lillian Wald, Charles Darrow, Lincoln Steffens, Ray Stannard Baker, Fanny Garrison Villard, and Walter Sachs. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)[a] is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W.E.B. Born in Tennessee, William T. Hendrey (1873-1962), an African American who worked for several years (roughly 1917 to 1924) in San Diego as a barber and deliveryman, was the first president of the San Diego branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), serving from January until November 1919, and subsequently He referred to Republican Party support for civil rights. Founded in 1909, the organization claimed 3 branches in 1912 then surged to nearly 400 chapters with about 90,000 dues paying members in 1919-1920. Mose, 53, was shot dead inside his home in the Pelerin 5 neighbourhood, in the hills above Port-au-Prince at 01:00 local time on 7 July 2021, according to police. Being a part of the change I want to see in the world. It is our honor to list Awardees for this year's . Massive immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe was ongoing. Davis was president of the Tallahassee NAACP for a total of 12 years. [20][21], The Pan-American Exposition of 1901 in Buffalo, New York, featured many American innovations and achievements, but also included a disparaging caricature of slave life in the South as well as a depiction of life in Africa, called "Old Plantation" and "Darkest Africa", respectively. Men who had been voting for thirty years in the South were told they did not "qualify" to register. The Niagara Movement was formed exclusively by African Americans. iii. "[55] The leaders of the American Jewish Congress praised the NAACP for its quick response, stating that: "It will take more than one bigot like Alcorn to shake the sense of fellowship of American Jews with the NAACP and black America Our common concerns are too urgent, our history too long, our connection too sturdy, to let anything like this disturb our relationship. 19401982, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Region I, Records, 19421986 (bulk 19451977), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Vancouver Branch records, Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections, "NAACP Highlights. So I think we need to be very suspicious of any kind of partnerships between the Jews at that kind of level because we know that their interest primarily has to do with money and these kind of things."[53]. Bolstered by that victory, the NAACP pushed for full desegregation throughout the South. Records indicate that William Osby became the first President of the Detroit Branch NAACP and general membership meeting were held at St. Matthews Episcopal Church, which is still located on St. Antoine at Elizabeth. Broome/Tioga #2135. Johnson was a former U.S. consul to Venezuela and a noted African-American scholar and columnist. [61][64] In August 2006, the IRS investigation concluded with the agency's finding "that the remarks did not violate the group's tax-exempt status."[65]. [31] Among other founding members were Lillian Wald, a nurse who had founded the Henry Street Settlement where the conference took place. In its early years, the NAACP was based in New York City. During his 15-year term, Dr. Hooks implemented many NAACP programs that continue today, such as Women in the NAACP and NAACP ACT-SO (Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics) competitions. Johnny McInnis. Assisting the NAACP throughout the years were many celebrities and leaders, including Sammy Davis Jr., Lena Horne, Jackie Robinson, Harry Belafonte, Ella Baker, an NAACP director of branches who stressed the importance of young people and women in the organization by recruiting members, raising money, and organizing local campaigns; Daisy Bates, An African-American becomes President in 2008 as the stock market crashes and we enter The Great Recession . Per tradition, the NAACP has invited both presumed presidential candidates, Democrat Hillary Clinton and Republican Donald Trump, to address the convention, though Trump declined the invitation.. By the 1940s, the federal courts were amenable to lawsuits regarding constitutional rights, against which Congressional action was virtually impossible. The Youth Council is composed of hundreds of state, county, high school and college operations where youth (and college students) volunteer to share their opinions with their peers and address local and national issues. Chair, Religious Affairs . Spokane 1137 25 W. Main Ave #239 Spokane, WA 99201 Phone: 509-209-2425 spokanenaacp@gmail.com Throughout its 30-year campaign, the NAACP waged legislative battles, gathered and published crucial statistics, organized mass protests, and produced artistic material all in the name of bringing an end to the violence. Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, Duke and Duchess of Sussex, accept the President's Award at the 53rd NAACP Image Awards Show in Burbank, Calif., Feb. 26, 2022. : 4 Raptor; Idaho has designated a state raptor. After years of tension with white labor unions, the Association cooperated with the newly formed Congress of Industrial Organizations in an effort to win jobs for black Americans. It was the greatest thing associated with my life." On a sweep through West Coast states to bring attention to widespread housing . The following year, the NAACP organized a nationwide protest, with marches in numerous cities, against D.W. Griffith's silent movie The Birth of a Nation, a film that glamorized the Ku Klux Klan. At the time of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birth in 1929, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was already the largest and most influential civil rights organization in the United States. Kwame Anthony Appiah, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. Four European Americans were among the founders of the NAACP, they included Mary White Ovington, Henry Moskowitz, William English Walling and Oswald Garrison Villard.[7]. Wells, Archibald Grimk, Mary Church Terrell, and the previously named whites Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, William English Walling (the wealthy Socialist son of a former slave-holding family),[27][28] Florence Kelley, a social reformer and friend of Du Bois;[29] Oswald Garrison Villard, and Charles Edward Russell, a renowned muckraker and close friend of Walling. NAACP leaders Henry L. Moon, Roy Wilkins, Herbert Hill, and Thurgood Marshall in 1956 The NAACP also worked for more than a decade seeking federal anti-lynching legislation, but the Solid South of white Democrats voted as a bloc against it or used the filibuster in the Senate to block passage. The San Francisco Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was organized in 1929, by a small group of people led by Rev. Join through your local branch and automatically become a member of the Delaware and National NAACP. Founded in 1940 under the leadership of Thurgood Marshall, who subsequently became the first African-American U.S. Supreme Court Justice, LDF was launched at a time when the nation's aspirations for equality and due process of law were . Daisy Bates, president of its Arkansas state chapter, spearheaded the campaign by the Little Rock Nine to integrate the public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas.[50]. [5], Local organizations built a culture of black political activism.[5]. White investigated eight race riots and 41 lynchings for the NAACP and directed its study Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States. The NAACP grew in three waves. [53], Alcorn, who had been suspended three times in the previous five years for misconduct, subsequently resigned from the NAACP. He boycotted the 2006 funeral services for Coretta Scott King, as he said the King children had chosen an anti-gay megachurch. Roosevelt ultimately agreed to open thousands of jobs to black workers when labor leader A. Philip Randolph, in collaboration with the NAACP, threatened a national March on Washington movement in 1941. Box 1204 Bremerton, WA 98337 Phone: 360-481-6019 naacpbremerton@yahoo.com www.naacpbremerton.com. Assist the secretary with various matters such as historical information 2022 NAACP Image Awards Nominations: The Full List www.etonline.com Jennifer Hudson, Lil Nas X, Megan Thee Stallion, Regina King and Tiffany Haddish are all up for Entertainer of the Year! Despite repeated opportunities in years to follow, such as the Costigan-Wagner Bill, Congress never passed any anti-lynching legislation. They contacted W.E.B. Box 964 Auburn, NY 13021. Throughout the 1940s, the NAACP saw enormous growth in membership, recording roughly 600,000 members by 1946. The Georgia NAACP expresses concerns about overcharging of Black Defendants in Macon Bibb County GEORGIA NAACP responds to viral alleged racist threats on Black People in Atlanta. After twenty-one Black teachers at the Elloree Training School refused to comply, White school officials dismissed them. [35], The Crisis was used both for news reporting and for publishing African-American poetry and literature. Where is the NAACP national headquarters? They met in 1906 at Storer College, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and in 1907 in Boston, Massachusetts. Barack Obama's Remarks at NAACP centennial, Official site of the Brooklyn, New York Branch, President Obama NAACP Speech: "Your Destiny Is In Your Hands No Excuses", NAACP Turns 100: The History and Future of the Nation's Oldest and Largest Civil Rights Organization, Interview with W. C. Patton, retired director of the NAACP Voter Education Department and Mr. Joseph Madison, current director of the Voter Education Department (NAACP), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Region 1 Photograph Collection, ca. Dr.William Gibson, a Greenville dentist, provided the South Carolina NAACP with long term leadership, serving as president from 1977 until he chose not to run for re-election in 1997. KMazur/WireImage/Getty Images. The Legal Defense Fund (LDF) is the country's first and foremost civil and human rights law firm. But that re-election was not without controversy. We are proud of our long-standing relationship with the Jewish community and I personally will not tolerate statements that run counter to the history and beliefs of the NAACP in that regard. Daisy Bates served as an NAACP national board member, Arkansas Little Rock Nine. It played a significant part in the challenge of Guinn v. United States (1915) to Oklahoma's discriminatory grandfather clause, which effectively disenfranchised most black citizens while exempting many whites from certain voter registration requirements. c. VICE PRESIDENT i. That same evening, her husband Jay-Z received the NAACP's President's Award. Led by Roy Wilkins, who succeeded NAACP collaborated with A. Philip Randolph, organizations to plan the historic 1963 March on Washington. Among the Association's top priorities was eradicating lynching. He used his fortune to promote liberal causes, including women's suffrage, anti-imperialism, and Negro uplift. The NAACP is headquartered in Baltimore, with additional regional offices in New York, Michigan, Georgia, Maryland, Texas, Colorado and California. Though the U.S. House of Representatives passed the bill, a Senate filibuster defeated it for good in 1922. As the American LGBT rights movement gained steam after the Stonewall riots of 1969, the NAACP became increasingly affected by the movement to gain rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. "The Forgotten Years of the Negro Revolution,", Murphy, Walter F. "The South Counterattacks: The Anti-NAACP Laws. [12] Each regional office is responsible for coordinating the efforts of state conferences in that region. Her work with both the NAACP and the Commission improved the quality of life for thousands of Tallahassee's Black. by Bobby Harrison April 23, 2023. King's father, Martin Luther King, Sr., was an executive committee member of Atlanta's NAACP branch; and in 1944, King, Jr., chaired the youth membership committee of the . NAACP files lawsuit arguing HB1020 violates US Constitution. The table provides a list of presidents of the United States. In 1993, the NAACP's Board of Directors narrowly selected Reverend Benjamin Chavis over Reverend Jesse Jackson to fill the position of Executive Director. Rutledge H. Pearson Leadership Award, Florida State Conference of NAACP Branches. [25], The fledgling group struggled for a time with limited resources and internal conflict and disbanded in 1910. The records held there comprise approximately five million items spanning the NAACP's history from the time of its founding until 2003. The NAACP began to lead lawsuits targeting disfranchisement and racial segregation early in its history. It concentrated on litigation in efforts to overturn disenfranchisement of blacks, which had been established in every southern state by 1908, excluding most from the political system, and the Jim Crow statutes that legalized racial segregation. Possibly significant in the NAACP's vote was its concern with the HIV/AIDS crisis in the black community; while AIDS support organizations recommend that people live a monogamous lifestyle, the government did not recognize same-sex relationships as part of this. ii. On May 30, 1909, the Niagara Movement conference took place at New York City's Henry Street Settlement House; they created an organization of more than 40, identifying as the National Negro Committee. Historically, it is considered to have had a more radical platform than the NAACP. NAACP's Washington, D.C., bureau, led by lobbyist Clarence M. Mitchell Jr., helped advance not only integration of the armed forces in 1948 Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1964, and 1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In 2013, he reorganized the Stone County Branch of the NAACP. This was intended to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the birth of President Abraham Lincoln, who emancipated enslaved African Americans. Membership fell in the 1920s and rebuilt slowly in the 1930s, then exploded in the context of World War II and the Fair Employment Practices initiative. As de facto racial segregation remained and job discrimination lingered and urban poverty and crime increased, NAACP advocacy and action remained critical for the Black community. On May 19, 2012, the NAACP's board of directors formally endorsed same-sex marriage as a civil right, voting 622 for the policy in a Miami, Florida quarterly meeting. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell), signed the call, which was released on the centennial of Lincoln's birth. While much of NAACP history is chronicled in books, articles, pamphlets, and magazines, the true movement lies in the faces of the multiracial, multigenerational army of ordinary people who united to awaken the consciousness of a people and a nation. It functioned as the NAACP legal department. Over the next ten years, the NAACP escalated its lobbying and litigation efforts, becoming internationally known for its advocacy of equal rights and equal protection for the "American Negro". From the NAACP webpage, find the Command Bar near the top of the screen. Chartered in 1940, the Loudoun Branch of the NAACP is one of the oldest branches of the NAACP. [Missouri Senate Bill] SB 43 legalizes individual discrimination and harassment in Missouri and would prevent individuals from protecting themselves from discrimination, harassment, and retaliation in Missouri. Newsmax's 50 Most Influential African-American Republicans Ben Carson (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images), Alveda King (Mandel Ngan/AFP/Getty Images), Clarence Thomas (Mark Wilson/Getty Images) By Frances Rice | Wednesday, 22 February 2017 09:24 AM EST Fighting racial injustice by building Black political, social, and economic power, An environmental, social, and economic revolution, An inclusive culture of health and equitable social health systems, Support for young leaders and change agents, Fair and just representation for all by standing up for our rights in the courts and in Congress. [13] For decades in the first half of the 20th century, the organization was effectively led by its executive secretary, who acted as chief operating officer. [61][62] In general, the US Internal Revenue Code prohibits organizations granted tax-exempt status from "directly or indirectly participating in, or intervening in, any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for elective public office. - Photo by Grace Brown of the Sentinel-Record. A controversial figure, Chavis was ousted eighteen months later by the same board. DuBois continued to play a pivotal leadership role in the organization, serving as editor of the association's magazine, The Crisis, which had a circulation of more than 30,000. Setting an example for my kids. CLICK HERE to order the at-home tests. The NAACP's support for marriage equality is deeply rooted in the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution and equal protection of all people." Kenneth L. Huston, president of the NAACP Allegheny East Branch, has been elected president of the NAACP Pennsylvania State Conference, the organization's highest-ranking position in the state. Race, gender and color based crimes have a long history in Missouri. Because of disenfranchisement, African Americans in the South were unable to elect representatives of their choice to office. NAACP has not reported any outside spending in the 2022 election cycle. [citation needed] White-dominated legislatures also passed segregation and Jim Crow laws. Photo: African American Historical and Cultural Society, San Francisco, CA. In the U.S., the NAACP is administered by a 64-member board led by a chairperson. The California State NAACP has "72 branches and youth units mobilized across the state" to help accomplish . James K. Polk (1845-49) Zachary Taylor (1849-50) Millard Fillmore (1850-53) Franklin Pierce (1853-57) James Buchanan (1857-61) Abraham Lincoln (1861-65): Abraham Lincoln led the nation through its most trying time, the Civil War. President Lyndon B. Johnson worked hard to persuade Congress to pass a civil rights bill aimed at ending racial discrimination in employment, education and public accommodations, and succeeded in gaining passage in July 1964. Large amounts of money are being given to them by large corporations with which I have a problem. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, which was disproportionately disastrous for African Americans, NAACP began to focus on economic justice. [66] In a 2005 speech in Richmond, Virginia, Bond said: In a 2007 speech on the Martin Luther King Day Celebration at Clayton State University in Morrow, Georgia, Bond said, "If you don't like gay marriage, don't get gay married." The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on August28, 1963. The NAACP was founded on February 12, 1909, by a larger group including African Americans W.E.B. Roy Wilkins, executive secretary of the NAACP, and civil rights leaders Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., A. Philip Randolph, and Lester B. Granger met with President Eisenhower in the Oval Office of the White House on June 23, 1958. Roy Wilkins, NAACP's executive director, clashed repeatedly with Martin Luther KingJr. and other civil rights leaders over questions of strategy and leadership within the movement. The president was John Hamilton McConico, and the fifty founding members included many of the city's leading African-American figures of . Du Bois (1868-1963), Mary White Ovington (1865-1951), Ida B. [19] In 2011, the NAACP teamed with the digital repository ProQuest to digitize and host online the earlier portion of its archives, through 1972 nearly two million pages of documents, from the national, legal, and branch offices throughout the country, which offer first-hand insight into the organization's work related to such crucial issues as lynching, school desegregation, and discrimination in all its aspects (in the military, the criminal justice system, employment, housing). It organized the first of the two 1935 New York anti-lynching exhibitions in support of the Costigan-Wagner Bill, having previously widely published an account of the Lynching of Henry Lowry, as An American Lynching, in support of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill. Appalled at this rampant violence, a group of white liberals that included Mary White Ovington and Oswald Garrison Villard (both the descendants of famous abolitionists), William English Walling and Dr. Henry Moscowitz issued a call for a meeting to discuss racial justice. This was in contradiction to their mother's longstanding support for the rights of gay and lesbian people. Among those who received special honors tonight were Prince Harry & Meghan Markle ( President's Award ), Samuel L. Jackson ( NAACP Chairman's Award) and the 1619 Project creator Nikole. Despite such dramatic courtroom and congressional victories, the implementation of civil rights was a slow, painful, and oft times violent process. In this screengrab, NAACP President and CEO Derrick Johnson presents the President's Award onstage during the 52nd NAACP Image Awards on March 27,. Missouri, home of Lloyd Gaines, Dred Scott and the dubious distinction of the Missouri Compromise and one of the last states to lose its slaveholding past, may not be safe. Du. Early donors included Julius Rosenwald, CEO of Sears Roebuck, and Lillian Wald, suffragist and founder of the Henry Street. In America, 1900 saw the first appearance of the Wizard of Oz and its successors are still tremendous favorites among American children. Within the NAACP structure branch level leadership is volunteer service. Elects 18th Leader", "NAACP president to step down, cites discord with board", ProQuest's NAACP Papers, History Vault & Treehouse, "The story of the Niagara Movement and the N. A. President of the NAACP Kweisi Mfume, Bill Cosby and Howard Unversity President H. Patrick Swygert attend the Brown v. Board of Education 50th. Naacp Headquarters is located at the address 1015 W 15th St in Anderson, Indiana 46016. Storey was a long-time classical liberal and Grover Cleveland Democrat who advocated laissez-faire free markets, the gold standard, and anti-imperialism. She also won the award in 2004. Kathryn Kish Sklar, "Florence Kelley", in Rima Lunin Schultz and Adele Hast (eds). Although the NAACP was criticized for working too rigidly within the system, prioritizing legislative and judicial solutions, the Association did provide legal representation and aid to members of other protest groups over a sustained period of time. Friday, March 3rd 7PM . [40] The NAACP organized the appeals for twelve black men sentenced to death a month later based on the fact that testimony used in their convictions was obtained by beatings and electric shocks. NAACP leaders and activists entered the 21st century reinvigorated and, in 2000, launched a massive get-out-the-vote campaign. Adora Obi Nweze, Intergenerational Award, Youth and . Writer and diplomat James Weldon Johnson became the Association's first black executive secretary in 1920, and Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, was named 1934. Its headquarters is in Baltimore, Maryland. John M. Brown of Bethel A.M.E. Church. In 1913, the NAACP organized opposition to President Woodrow Wilson's introduction of racial segregation into federal government policy, workplaces, and hiring. ( (Courtesy of Camden County Public Information Office)) CAMDEN, NJ Camden County Commissioner Jonathan Young paid his respects to former Camden County President of the NAACP Colandus "Kelly". Local chapters sponsor competitions in various categories for young people in grades 912. Julian Bond, civil rights movement activist and former Georgia State Senator, was chairman until replaced in February 2010 by healthcare administrator Roslyn Brock. When the organization fought to expose and outlaw lynching, the branches carried the campaign into hundreds of communities. Typical of the years to come, the organization meetings took place in a church . In 1958, he led a Youth March for Integrated Schools which . [52], During the 2000 presidential election, Lee Alcorn, president of the Dallas NAACP branch, criticized Al Gore's selection of Senator Joe Lieberman for his vice-presidential candidate because Lieberman was Jewish. Meet the Senior Staff He made a bid for increasing support by African Americans for Republicans, in the midst of a midterm election. The dismissal of two leading officials further added to the picture of an organization in deep crisis. DuBois, Ida B. The NAACP became increasingly vocal in opposition against state-level constitutional amendments to ban same-sex marriage and related rights. The vision of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is to ensure a. "[56], In 2004, President George W. Bush declined an invitation to speak to the NAACP's national convention. The NAACP's Baltimore chapter, under president Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson, challenged segregation in Maryland state professional schools by supporting the 1935 Murray v. Pearson case argued by Marshall. ". [by whom?] 3rd Vice President. [27] They sent out solicitations for support to more than 60 prominent Americans, and set a meeting date for February 12, 1909. The president was shot 12 times . Since the Twenty-second Amendment was adopted in 1951, the American presidency has been limited to a maximum of two terms. Southern state Democratic parties had created white-only primaries as another way of barring blacks from the political process. Four presidents died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated ( Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy ), and one resigned ( Richard Nixon, facing impeachment and removal from office). [39], The NAACP devoted much of its energy during the interwar years to fight the lynching of blacks throughout the United States by working for legislation, lobbying, and educating the public. As a result, 1 million more African Americans cast their ballots in the 2000 presidential election than in 1996. Maya Wiley was rumored to be in line for the position in 2013, but Cornell William Brooks was selected. In doing so, the board changed the name of the leadership position once more. Youth sections of the NAACP were established in 1936; there are now more than 600 groups with a total of more than 30,000 individuals in this category. Officers and other members of the Executive Committee of the Boston Branch of the NAACP serve as volunteers. Gov. naacp-snoco.org. [7], The NAACP bestows annual awards on African Americans in three categories: Image Awards are for achievement in the arts and media, Theatre Awards are for achievements in theatre and stage, and Spingarn Medals are for outstanding achievement of any kind. With such a powerful membership base, all 2,200 chapters of the Association continue to persevere. Box 741 Binghamton, NY 13902. and Chair, Senate Appropriations Committee, will be the guest speaker. . Cornell William Brooks, 53, will be the NAACP's 18th national president. He founded what he called the Coalition for the Advancement of Civil Rights. Local chapters are supported by the "Branch and Field Services" department and the "Youth and College" department. In 1993, Benjamin F. Chavis (now Chavis Muhammad) became executive director/CEO. In 1995, Myrlie Evers-Williams (widow of Medgar Evers) became the third woman to chair the NAACP, a position she held until she was succeeded by Chairman Emeritus Julian Bond in 1998. signed by the President and Secretary that all funds by the NAACP Unit have been listed in the Treasurer's report. The NAACP has "more than 2,200 affiliates covering all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Japan and Germany," with membership exceeding 500,000 people. 1st Vice President. 42 were here. They were particularly concerned by the Southern states' disenfranchisement of blacks starting with Mississippi's passage of a new constitution in 1890. Gaines v. Canada (1938) led to the formation of the Legal Defense Fund in 1939. Although states had to retract legislation related to the white primaries, the legislatures soon came up with new methods to severely limit the franchise for blacks. portsmouth evening news births deaths marriages,

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