-- Bibles were made accessible to the populous in the vernacular. -- he learned the lessons of his predecessors (Don't mess with Parliament!) Petition of Right. -Traditional restraints on women were lifted, encouraged to mix and play greater gender role (Family Life), Economics: Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians E. Development of the Domestic System: -Ferdinand's army defeats Frederick at Battle of White Mountain, Preconditions: Germany as a fragment country of 360 sovereignty political entities ( Peace of Augsburg) G. tolerance --> a greater acceptance of different societies and cultures. The Dutch were known for their expertise in, The arts also played a significant role in the Dutch Golden Age. ERASMUS --> believed true religion was a matter of inward sincerity and pious devotion rather than an outward symbol of ceremony and ritual; Scriptures are the guide to life; wanted only moral reforms, not ritualistic. -- new No. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. VII. One of the key factors that contributed to the Dutch Golden Age was the country's strategic location. ~ dissolves body after they demand concessions (Short Parliament) he tamed the Fr. -hereditary provinces of Austria, Kingdom of Bohemia, Hungary, Charles VI issues Pragmatic Sanction I. View AP Euro Chapter 18 Notes.pdf from AP EURO 730 at Alan B. Shepard High School. JOHN CALVIN --> people already predestined for salvation; success on earth determined place in heaven; hard work and no leisure time were signs of success. Paternalistic & brutally used for labor. Hundred years' War --> the rise of the modern nation-state. A. mercantilism --> the colony existed for the benefit of the mother country; a monpolistic global eco. leadership of Europe. treaties of Rastatt and Baden. - Each State appointed a Stadholder as executive (House of Orange) The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered the British commander, the Duke of Ormonde, to withdraw from the Allied forces before the Battle of Denain (informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a fait accompli, made the objections of the Allies pointless. Religious tolerance and freedom of religion for Catholics, Lutherans, Anabaptist and Jews helped the Dutch avoid the internal religious conflicts of other European nations and contributed to commercial economic growth. France and Britain remained the most vigorous powers in Europe. permanence/ role of Parliament, -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians ("Windows to the West") -enlisted the nobles as JUNKERS became officer class E. Consubstantiation. Growth of consumer goods coming out of the Americas Seven Years War b/w the English and French over the . - August 1640: Scots defeat English army Charles owes Scots $$ Two peace treaties that in 1714 ended ongoing European conflicts following the War of the Spanish Succession. Black Death --> economic and social upheaval. This assurance was given, and so in February the Imperial representatives made their appearance. The Catholic Church was a source of wealth for Italy. Another enduring result was the creation of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty, which still reigns over Spain up to the present day whilst the French branch of the House of Bourbon has long since been dethroned. The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1714. ~ Religious Divisions increase tensions for War gave them almost complete control over the Mediterranean and North seas . a Vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit. H. freedom --> a mind as well as a society free to think, free from prejudice. The Peace of Utrecht ended the War of Spanish Succession and created a balance of power in . Although the fate of the Spanish Netherlands in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. For other uses, see. -adopted mercantilism policies (export more than import), "open a window to the west" an ice free port on the Baltic Sea w/ Euro access Established Prussia as a major military power / counter-balance to the Austrian Empire in Central Europe Initiated a long period of peace in central Europe (drained of resources) Partitioning of Poland Autonomous power of the Polish nobility remained intact and the Polish Diet proved to be an ineffective lawmaking body Religious Wars of the late 16c & Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) -Seeks illegal sources of revenue 3 & 1,000 \\ News; Article reviews; Podcasts; esicm-tv; Sections; Coronavirus - Public health . J. Puritans in England; Huguenots in France; Presbyterians in Scotland. 17c England: (see notes on the sheet regarding the evolution of Parliament) -- War of Devolution. -- evolution of the Cabinet system. -belief in divine right/ absolutism and return to Catholicism A. Hapsburgs vs. Hohenzollerns If you could only earn 5% on your investments, how much would you be ready to pay for the chance to own this stream? France lost all its possessions on the mainland of North America Creoles people of spanish blood who were born in America. In this system, diplomacy became a major component of the relations among states. f(x)=x(x1);x=4, On a separate sheet of paper, explain the following term by using it correctly in a sentence. -- War of the Spanish Succession. Answer the following questions using the data in the attached table. The Netherlands is a small, low-lying country located at the crossroads of Europe, and this gave it a unique advantage as a trading and transportation hub. -Calvinists gain legal recognition, independence of Swiss Confederacy, and United Provinces of Netherlands, are a long recognized proclaimed in law In the treaty with the Dutch, France agreed that the United Provinces should annex part of Gelderland and should retain certain barrier fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands. -- reformed many of the previous abuses in the Church. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES Short Answer Question 3 (continued) The Catholic practices of allowing clergy to receive the income from several parishes without performing any pastoral duties there (plurality of office) or simony (the selling of Church offices) . The Treaty of Utrecht, signed in April 1713, ended the wars between France and Savoy, Portugal, the Netherlands, and Prussia. The Peace of Westphalia (1648), which marked the effective end of the medieval ideal of universal Christendom, accelerated the decline of the Holy Roman . ~ Habsburgs conquered almost all of Hungary and Transylvania by 1699, State now 3 separate territories ruled by Habsburg Monarch: -1722 institutes TABLE OF RANKS: back to North Africa and the Jews {Maranos} to Italy and the Middle East). D. shift from the old market ports of the Mediterranean to the trans-Atlantic trade. II. (prevent a war between 2 Christian Countries), Cortez lands in Veracruz and makes alliances with Anti-Aztec natives. - confederation = weak union of strong provinces -- The Index of Forbidden Books. ~ Henry of Navarre: Broubon ruler of Kingdom of Navarre (led Protestants), Beings large-scale Civil War [42][43] The Dutch had in any case successfully defended their positions in the Southern Netherlands and their troops were central in the alliance which halted French territorial expansion in Europe until a new cycle began in 1792. The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. European technology/ horses lead to victory over Inca, Major Goal: consolidate + secure lands of Charles V w/ strict conformity to Catholicism AP European History Timeline Dylan Graves, McAvoy, Period 8. -- religion IV. -- stock exchange --> Bourse at Antwerp. You join either have text and image or an umbrella option but always both. f(x)=x(x1);x=4f(x)=x(\sqrt{x}-1) ; x=4 - Prepared a document about the ongoing European Union's cooperation in Colombia. Despite its many achievements, the Dutch Golden Age was not without its challenges. In international politics the settlement at Utrecht established a pattern for the next 20 years. -- they found Church bureaucracies still too medieval and rigid (view on usury, e.g.) - January 1642: king attempts arrest several Parliament members, leaves London and prepares for War, Civil War fought between Roundheads (Parliament) and Cavaliers (Royalists) Imperialism: expanding your empire -France demography. The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. Parliament (** see your notes for further details **) [38] The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, Charles of Bavaria became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. -didn't restore absolutism, avoided conflicts with Parliament -- he began to curtail the privileges of the Fr. H. changes in the social structure (role of the nobility, esp.) the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land. . -- first to establish the Bourbon family. 2. raison d'etat. Nations sought new sources of wealth and new economic theories and practices to deal with from authoritative truth to factual truth. ~ Peace of Prague (1635): German Protestant states led by Saxony compromised w/ Ferdinand. -France at a potential Spain (devastated economy) by end, -Caused by death of Charles II King of Spain Apr 13, 1598 . militarily. After Effects of the Reformation: Dec 1, 1453. -- Whigs and Tories (distinctions between political party). -- new reform orders (Theatines, Capuchins, Ursulines, Modern Devotion, Oratorians). Dylan Graves, McAvoy, Period 8. . kind of unity sought elsewhere through absolutism. The Reformation. The 18c became known -Overseas territory/trade and European balance of power also a Issue The European Central Bank (ECB) is charged with conducting monetary policy for the 19 countries that participate in the European Monetary Union, and use the euro as their common currency. Colombian Exchange: import/ export of plants, animals, disease between NW and Europe After the British government gained access to the Asiento de Negros, the economic prominence held by Dutch Sephardic Jewish slaveowners began to fade, while the South Sea Company was established in hopes of gaining exclusive access to the contract. In the 17th century, the Dutch Republic was the leading commercial power in Europe, with Amsterdam serving as Europes financial center. -- Catherine the Great --> expansion of Russian borders in SW; solidifying the power of the Czars; -Giant gap between privileged + unprivileged. E. the middle class wished to run their religious affairs as they handled their new businesses. material in greater bulk. Updates? -believed military power and absolutism went hand in hand A. These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the Netherlands, Savoy, Prussia and Portugal. The question of the Spanish Succession was finally settled in favour of the Bourbon Philip V, grandson of Frances Louis XIV. A. rationalism --> logical reasoning based on facts. -- war became an activity of the state (the armed forces were formerly in private hands). PAX for peace mrt. - Catholic HRE, Lutherans, Calvinists [6], With Great Britain, France and Spain having agreed to a "suspension of arms" (armistice) covering Spain on 19 August in Paris, the pace of negotiation quickened. . Main Themes: G. African slave trade established (Triangle Trade). Effects of the Commercial Revolution: - city saved by foreign aid (Polish+Russians) B. John Locke E. Charles II (1660-1685) --> Stuart Restoration aristocracy. Janvier 1710, "The Peace of Utrecht and the Balance of Power", "Rethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, The British Empire and the Atlantic World in the 17th and 18th Centuries", "Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain", Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products, "A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers", David Backhouse, "Tory Tergiversation In The House of Lords, 17141760", "The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power", "The Origins of National Debt: The Financing and Re-financing of the War of the Spanish Succession", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&oldid=1149888949, Convention for the Evacuation of Catalonia, Peace, Alliance and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht, Adjusted Commerce and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Explanatory Peace and Commerce Treaty of Madrid, This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 02:22. Nations were looking for new trade routes which led to new explorations. ~ required nobles to live at Versailles for part of year-> separate power from status and grandeur G. Consubstantiation. The Economy of the Commercial Revolution: granted them exclusive control over foreign access to ports in the United Provinces . -- Prime Minister (Robert Walpole, first P. M.), Unfamiliar w/ English customs and tradition: AP Euro > Unit 3 3.6 Balance of Power 5 min read january 21, 2023 Jillian Holbrook Catherine Brown After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, a new competitive state system developed, heralding new patterns of warfare and diplomacy. -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians Chapter 14 AGE OF EXPANSION Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) - Duke of Alva (1508-1582 - Armada (1588) - Vasco de Balboa-Christopher Columbus- Concordat of Bologna (1516 - a parliament dominated by landowners and nobles of similar interests. Price Revolution: importation into Europe of huge quantities of gold/silver cause price revolution = inflation ~ removed from royal council, replaced with new titles { Nobles of the robe} The British colonists referred to these conflicts as King William's War (1689-1697) and Queen Anne's War (1702-1713). -gained no additional land, but kept Strasbourg and part of Alsace Ap Euro Events Terms in this set (16) Peace of Augsburg 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups Council of Trent [33] While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it. A. Henry IV of Navarre (1589-1610) Politics and Greed overshadowed religion and brought many parties into war. -- he wanted church lands and property to add to his treasury. -Spain doesn't recognize + continues War, Netherlands became a modern constitutional state: -France concedes property in New World to England - Nobility exempted from taxes, *Major Sign of Fallen Status: Taking loans from Portugal, ended with: order to produce more capital. ~1566: Calvinists rampage destruction at forms of religion B. the monarch of England now became the head of the Anglican Church as well. The treaty followed the Treaty of Utrecht of 11 April 1713, which had ended hostilities between France and Spain, on the one hand, and Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, on the other. -French Nobility and Protestant groups take advantage ~ Peace of Utrecht Peace of Augsburg. Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain, Balance of power (international relations), Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. [31] Some historians argue this makes it a significant milestone in the evolution of the modern nation state and concept of a balance of power. -- SEE TREATIES PAGE for Peace of Augsburg (1555), Edict of Nantes (1598), and Although judged favourably by contemporaries,[41] it was later argued that the barrier proved to be largely illusory when put to the test during the War of Austrian Succession. Instead, the States General was the legislative body, which was made up of nobles. The Triple Alliance was a treaty between the Dutch Republic, France and Great Britain, against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. -creates first real Russian Navy + special forces of Cossack, Reforms Central Gov't, Military, and Civil Administration: AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 5 Analyze the factors that prevented the development of a unified German state in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Dutch had a strong navy, and they were able to control the shipping routes through the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, which allowed them to establish a lucrative trade network that stretched across Europe and beyond. - Centralized central administration (finances) ~1660 Frederick William forced Estates to accept permanent taxation w/out consent -adopts western dress, manners, style -- economic and financial policies The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. F. James II (1685-1688) -- the accumulation of capital in the hands of the entrepreneur made possible the purchase of raw (literal) [11] In Article X, Spain ceded the strategic ports of Gibraltar and Minorca. - consultative bodies disappear (local noble parliaments) -Maintained political control over Catholic Church (appointments), Louis moved against perceived weakness of German States -> New Laws didn't improve lives by much, introduces African Slaves to labor force, Arrives w/ small pox already there. The Enlightenment had its origins in the scientific and intellectual revolutions of the 17c. -divides Russia into provinces to extend royal authority oppressive class. [13][14][15][16][17][18], The importance placed by British negotiators on commercial interests was demonstrated by their demand for France to "level the fortifications of Dunkirk, block up the port and demolish the sluices that scour the harbour, [which] shall never be reconstructed". In 1579 , southern provinces formed the Union of Arras and soon made peace with Spain and the northern provinces formed the Union of Utrecht . - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England [20] This ultimately proved unenforceable. nobility. 1. from citizens belonging to the Church and sending the money to Rome. maintain a strong monarchy, standing army, efficient tax structures, large bureaucracy, and a more -- Henry VIII of England's defiance of papal power. Peace of Westphalia Signed in 1648; deadliest war in Europe; re establishes peace of Augsburg; puts end to religious warfare for the most part; creates power of diplomacy, doesn't let anyone get too powerful Absolutism Total power of a monarch with no governing body, set of laws, to answer to (Conservatism) Versailles Catholic South vs Protestant North (Union of Utrecht, declared independence 1581).England gets . Study free European History flashcards about Euro Dates created by Pyan to improve your grades. \text { Year }(t) & \text { Cash flow } \\ (1555) Treaty in which Charles V allowed regional Princes to dictate the religion of their lands. he taxed the peasants, not the nobility. H. Refusal to recognize the authority of the Pope. I. [12], In a major coup for the British delegation, the British government emerged from the treaty with the Asiento de Negros, which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the Spanish government to other European nations to supply slaves to Spain's colonies in the Americas. -1st Fronde (1648-1649) ended in compromise Test Act. - Act of Uniformity revises version of Book of Common Prayer w/ 39 Articles form the original 42 The country was frequently at war with other European powers, and it was also hit by a number of economic crises. -- Test Act (1673). One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation. ~ Upholds Balance of Powers About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket -gov't imposed Serf Labor forces - Little industry/ agriculture, peasants ruined by taxation, not modern, Contributing Factors: K. constitutionalism. Who wants to treaties using yumpu now you! France was terribly beaten in these conflicts, and . It allowed the unification of the thrones of France and Spain. [35], Despite failure in Spain, Austria secured its position in Italy and Hungary, allowing it to continue expansion into areas of South-East Europe previously held by the Ottoman Empire. ~War caused much Hardship and misery in France (Finances) In the treaty with Savoy, France recognized Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy, as king of Sicily and that he should rule Sicily and Nice. Differing Concepts of Absolutism: LUTHER --> condemned corruption in the Church; believed priests should practice what they preached. answer choices. G. William & Mary --> "Glorious Revolution" (1688); a bloodless coup. Year(t)12345Cashflow$8009001,0001,5002,000. Bourbon France had previously held the Asiento de Negros, allowing French slave traders to supply 5,000 slaves to the Spanish Empire each year; France had gained control over this contract after Philip V had become King of Spain. In return France received the principality of Orange from Prussia. I. mass education. -- Colbert, finance minister. Versailles. Frances Guiana colony in South America was restricted in size. -Treaty of Non-such: English soldiers+ Calvary to Netherlands, -Beheaded Mary Stuart for planning to overthrow from throne -> causes Pope Sixtus to no longer retrain public support and Spain attempts to invade England, II. Agriculture Introduction With the exception of Holland, at least 80 percent of the people of all western European countries drew their livelihoods from agriculture In 1700 European agriculture was much more ancient and medieval In crisis years, when crops were ruined by drought or flood, starvation forced people to use substitutes . ***William+ Mary protect Netherlands using English Power, -opposed by Brandenburg, Spain, Holy Roman Emperor B. The first treaty, signed between France and Austria in the city of Rastatt, followed the earlier Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which ended hostilities between France and Spain on the one hand, and Britain and the Dutch Republic on the other hand. Fought wars in an attempt to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in European affairs; Louis's involvement in the War of Spanish Succession ended with the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 that greatly benefited England an emerging French rival Wars and building of Versailles emptied France's treasury The Decline of Spain 1. -Imperial electors of Brandenburg added Prussia to its holdings (1618) when junior branch (cousins) of family died out (expand marriage/death), Thirty Years War and other conflicts weakened power of Estates (representative bodies) in German Territories, weak, but managed to be crowned -> King Frederick I by the HRE for services in War of Spanish Succession, "The Soldiers King" brings Power PDF Image Zoom Out. [citation needed], On 2 January 1710, king Louis XIV of France agreed to commence peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg[es]. 2 & 900 \\ language). The Westphalia Peace Conference just was a beginning in a row that led to the Congress of Vi-enna, another main event of international relations. he made the King and the State one and the same. C. Strict interpretation of the Bible. -extended power/ authority of intendants -Duke of Alva sent to end rebellion Even after paying expenses associated with the Dutch Barrier, increased tax revenues from the Austrian Netherlands funded a significant upgrade of the Austrian military. [22] France retained its other pre-war North American possessions, including Cape Breton Island, where it built the Fortress of Louisbourg, then the most expensive military installation in North America. F. Great Peasant Revolt of 1520. -Puritans fear Catholic revival, Married to Catholic (failed to enforce Anti-Catholic laws), 1637: English order Scots use Anglican Worship service - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria -royal patronage: sell offices, reward loyalty w/ contracts Since the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, . The now Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. E. utilitarianism (Bentham) --> laws created for the common good and not for special interests. ~14 levels, at 8th you were a noble (based on merit), Educational Reform and Manners: A third treaty at Baden, Switzerland, was required to end the hostilities between France and the Holy Roman Empire . The previous conferences were: in Nijmegen (1678-1679), in Rijswijk (1697), in Utrecht (1713), in Vienna (1738), in Aachen (1748), and Paris . -nobility class lost right of taxation, reduced power of Estates D. Italian universities made the questioning of theological principles unheard of. The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of Napoleon in the 1815 Concert of Europe that dominated Europe in the 19th century. Nations had the desire for increased world power through their colonial empires. Period of "creative breakup" Social Significance of the Reformation: sovereignty. A. Columbus and the first conquistadores. Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" Click to Rate "Liked It" . Habsburg-Valois Wars. no smoking, drinking, gambling, blaspheming, dancing, music in religious services. Find the equation of the line that is tangent to the graph of the given function at the point (c,f(c))(c, f(c))(c,f(c)) for the specified value of x=cx=cx=c. Disease + Fresh Soldiers = Victory over Aztecs, Ecomienda: adminster new lands, in which natives were see as subjects of Spanish crown. Following this, the Congress of Utrecht opened on 29 January 1712, with the British representatives being John Robinson, Bishop of Bristol, and Thomas Wentworth, Lord Strafford. This document ended the War of the Spanish Succession. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed. By grace.maley. ~ Upholds Balance of Powers he improved Fr. -- effects of his reign: he tried to make France more powerful. It implemented the educational ideas of humanism. E. Scorned pleasures as the idle activities which allowed the devil to influence one's actions; 2016 - aug. 2016 6 maanden. The Seven Northern Dutch provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, creating a defensive alliance against the Spanish, but they were politically independent with no absolute ruler. ~ revenue tripled, army grew 10x France + Netherlands support Sweden, maximize their investment in war, and refuse agreement. Church control. Test: AP European History. AP Euro: Absolutism and Constitutionalism Author: Tech Services Last modified by: Tech Services Created Date: 4/29/2011 1:04:00 PM Company: No need for sacraments (except Baptism, Eucharist, & Confirmation) or good works. C. Louis XIV (1643-1715) -Estonia, much of present day Latvia ceded to Russia . sake of human liberty. [39], The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. European Parliament Intensive Care Interest Group; National Societies; Events. -- Calvinist church came largely from these ideas (Max Weber's thesis -- "Protestant -went after dangerous nobles (asserted territorial independence) - "Council of Blood" tribunal set up to execute leaders under Perspective: Wars end recognition of minority religious rights, guarantee of traditional boundaries of political sovereignty. systems. A. Salvation by faith alone. Finally, with the dominance of shipbuilding and its massive fleet, the Dutch formed the. ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark -- Habeas Corpus Act (1679). Austria had traditionally relied on naval support from the Dutch, whose own capability had been severely degraded; Britain prevented the loss of Sicily and Naples in 1718 but refused to do so again in 1734. [I am the State!] 3. C. Civil war (1642-1649): Roundheads versus Cavaliers
peace of utrecht ap euro